Feature	Amino	Briar	Cabal	Cwtch	Discord	Dust	Google Messages	Grindr DMs	GroupMe	iMessage	Instagram DMs	IRC	Kik	LINE	Matrix	Mattermost	FB Messenger	New ICQ	Revolt	Session	SMS	Signal	SimpleX Chat	Snapchat	Status	Telegram	Teams	Threema	Tinder DMs	Twitch DMs	Twitter DMs	WeChat	WhatsApp	Wire	Xbox Live	XMPP	Zoom
Privacy Practices (algorithm src code)	Bad - 21.7%	Very Good - 85%	Good - 72%	Very Good - 81%	Very Bad - 13%	Poor - 27%	Bad - 21%	Very Bad - 8%	Bad - 21%	Poor - 43%	Very Bad - 19%	Fair - 47%	Very bad - 8%	Very Bad - 17%	Fair - 52%	Poor - 32%	Very Bad - 19%	Very Bad - 10%	Poor - 39%	Fair - 55%	Very Bad - 17%	Good - 69%	Excellent - 100%	Very Bad - 10%	Good - 61%	Bad - 26%	Very Bad - 19%	Fair - 46%	Very Bad - 7%	Very Bad - 17%	Very Bad - 7%	Very Bad - 2%	Poor - 32%	Fair - 56%	Very Bad - 6%	Poor - 41%	Very Bad - 13%
Recommended for private communication?	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
End to end encrypted by default	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Sometimes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
End to end encryption is available	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Sometimes	No	Yes	No	No	If you pay	No	Yes	Yes	No	Sometimes	No
Voice/video calls are end to end encrypted	No	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	N/A	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	N/A	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	Sometimes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Utilizes Perfect Forward Secrecy	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Data is encrypted in transit	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Data is encrypted at rest (server side)	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Sometimes	No	No	Sometimes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Not everything	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Sometimes	No	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not everything	No	Yes	Yes	No	Varies by provider	Yes
Data is encrypted at rest (client side)	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Usually not	No	No	No	No	Sometimes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Client dependant	No
Decentralized network	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Somewhat	Somewhat	No	Yes	No	Somewhat	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Dependant on DNS	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Requires global identity	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Profile has immutable attributes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Email required for signup	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Varies by provider	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Upon suspicion	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Phone required for signup	No	No	No	No	Sometimes	No	Yes	No	No	No	Sometimes	No	No	Yes	Varies by provider	Varies by provider	Sometimes	Sometimes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Sometimes	No	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Jurisdiction	USA	Decentralized	Decentralized	Decentralized	USA	USA	USA	China	No	USA / China	USA	Decentralized	USA	Japan	Decentralized	Varies by provider	USA	Russia	UK	Switzerland	Varies by provider	USA	Decentralized	USA	Ambiguous	Ambiguous	USA	Switzerland	USA	USA	USA	China	USA	USA	USA	Varies by provider	USA
Provider willingly feeds data to law enforcement	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Varies by provider	Yes	Yes	No	No	Varies by provider	No	No	Sometimes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Provider complies with preservation requests	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Varies by provider	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Varies by provider	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Client scans users photo/video library	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	No	No
Client removes image metadata	No	No	N/A	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Varies by client	No
Client logs users location	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Varies by client	Yes
Can be hosted on an airgapped network	No	N/A	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Deleted messages are removed immediately	No	Yes	N/A	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Not guaranteed	Not guaranteed	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Recieved messages are removed from server	No	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Questionable	Yes	No	Yes	No
What can the apps hand to police? \| This assumes that you've entered the associated info into the service if possible, otherwise marked as Not Applicable
IP address	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Real name	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Username	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Phone number	No	No	No	No	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Provider specific	Provider specific	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Email address	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Provider specific	Provider specific	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Message contents	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Sometimes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Crypto wallets	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	N/A	No	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Profile pictures	Yes	No	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Account creation date	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Account last active timestamp	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Potentially	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Billing details	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Varies by provider	Yes
Groups that you manage	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Groups that you are a member of	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Channels / broadcast rooms you are a member of	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
People you talk to	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
People you've blocked	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
People who have blocked you	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
What can an adversary find on their own? \| This assumes you're using the default configuration, never intract with their sockpuppet accounts, such as adding them as a friend or sending them messages
IP address	No	No	Yes	No	Exploitable	No	No	Exploitable	No	No	No	Yes	Sometimes
Real name	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Username	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes